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1.
Med. infant ; 29(1): 30-37, Marzo 2022. Tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1367046

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La malnutrición es un estado de deficiencia o exceso de nutrientes que provoca efectos nocivos y puede alterar el crecimiento aumentando la morbi-mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Incluyó niños/as de 1-18 años hospitalizados entre 2016-2018. Se obtuvieron datos de caracterización de la muestra y antropométricos. La herramienta de tamizaje nutricional pediátrico (HTNP) se utilizó para detectar riesgo nutricional y en este subgrupo se analizó: variación de peso, intervención nutricional, complicaciones infecciosas y estadía hospitalaria. El análisis de variables se realizó con SPSS Statistics 20. Resultados: Se evaluaron 745 pacientes, 373 niñas (50,1%). Mediana de edad 7,3 años. Estancia hospitalaria media de 4 días (1-123). Se observó 5,9% emaciados, 56,4% eutróficos, 16,8% sobrepeso y 20,9% obesidad. Con baja talla 13%. Se detectó riesgo nutricional con HTNP en 50,7% de los ingresos. Las patologías de base más frecuentes fueron cardiopatías y neoplasias. En pacientes con riesgo nutricional: estadía hospitalaria media de 5 días, 13,5% cursó con infecciones intrahospitalarias, 68% mantuvo o aumentó de peso durante la internación, 13,5% requirió apoyo nutricional (más utilizado el gavage en 59%). Conclusiones: El niño hospitalizado se encuentra en una situación de vulnerabilidad, por lo que el tamizaje y evaluación nutricional resultan acciones claves para prevenir el deterioro nutricional. En los niños con malnutrición las acciones llevadas a cabo por el Nutricionista Clínico como integrante del equipo de atención, revisten un rol clave para promover y garantizar el derecho de los pacientes a la alimentación adecuada y así mejorar su condición nutricional. (AU)


Introduction: Malnutrition is a state of nutrient deficiency or excess that causes harmful effects and can alter growth increasing morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: retrospective, descriptive study. Children aged 1-18 years admitted to the hospital between 2016-2018 were included. Sample characterization and anthropometric data were collected. The pediatric nutritional screening tool (PNST) was used to identify nutritional risk and in this subgroup we analyzed: weight variation, nutritional intervention, infectious complications, and length of hospital stay. The analysis of variables was performed with SPSS Statistics 20. Results: 745 patients were evaluated, 373 were girls (50.1%). Median age was 7.3 years. Mean hospital stay was 4 days (1- 123). Among the patients, 5.9% were emaciated, 56.4% eutrophic, 16.8% overweight, and 20.9% obese. Thirteen percent of the patients had short stature. Nutritional risk was detected using HTNP in 50.7% of the admitted patients. The most frequent underlying diseases were heart disease and cancer. In patients at nutritional risk: mean hospital stay was 5 days, 13.5% had hospital-acquired infections, 68% maintained or gained weight during the hospital stay, 13.5% required nutritional support (gavage was the most frequently used in 59%). Conclusions: Hospitalized children are in a vulnerable situation, therefore nutritional screening and evaluation are key actions to prevent nutritional deterioration. In children with malnutrition, the Clinical Nutritionist, as a member of the health care team, plays a key role in promoting and guaranteeing the right of patients to adequate food and thus improve their nutritional condition (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Nutrition Assessment , Child, Hospitalized , Mass Screening/methods , Nutritional Status , Hospitals, Pediatric , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
2.
Med. infant ; 27(1): 17-24, Marzo de 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1118590

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El niño hospitalizado se encuentra en estado de vulnerabilidad nutricional. El tamizaje nutricional permite identificar malnutrición y/o el riesgo de desarrollarla, para realizar un abordaje precoz. El Área de Alimentación del Hospital Garrahan desarrolló la "Herramienta de Tamizaje Nutricional Pediátrico" (HTNP), dada la falta de consenso sobre un estándar de oro y para ajustar criterios a la población asistida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue su validación para niños en cuidados intermedios/ moderados. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Entre agosto de 2016 y abril de 2018 se reclutaron niños de 1 a 18 años internados en salas de cuidados intermedios/moderados seleccionadas, que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión. Se aplicaron: la HTNP y la valoración nutricional global subjetiva (VNGS) como prueba de comparación. La HTNP consta de tres criterios: Patología de base y motivo de internación- Disminución de peso- Deterioro de la actitud alimentaria. Se define riesgo nutricional si se cumple con dos criterios. Se analizaron: Sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN), factibilidad y reproducibilidad. Resultados: Se evaluaron 745 niños (50,1% sexo femenino; mediana de edad: 7,2 años). La HTNP detectó riesgo nutricional en 50,7% (n378) de los niños y la VNGS en 48,7% (n363). La HTNP presentó: Sensibilidad 87,3% (IC95% 83,8-90,9), Especificidad 84,0% (IC95% 80,2-87,8), VPP 83,9% (IC95%: 80,0­87,7) y VPN 87,5% (IC95%: 83,9-91,0). Del análisis de reproducibilidad con dos evaluadores independientes (n42) se obtuvo coeficiente kappa de 0,91 (0,74-1,0) y 0,78 (0,5-1,0) respectivamente. Su implementación llevo un promedio de tres minutos y medio (1-5 minutos). Conclusión: La HTNP es un instrumento simple, reproducible, práctico y factible de implementar para identificar pacientes en riesgo nutricional (AU)


Introduction: Hospitalized children are nutritionally vulnerable. Nutritional screening may identify malnutrition and/or the risk of developing malnutrition in order to start early intervention. The Food Services Area of Garrahan Hospital has developed a "Pediatric Nutritional Screening Tool (PNST) because of the lack of consensus on a gold standard and to finetune the criteria to the care population. The aim of this study was to validate the tool in children in intermediate/moderate care. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Between August 2016 and April 2018 children from 1 to 18 years of age who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled on selected intermediate/ moderate care wards. The PNST was administered together with the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as a comparison test. The PNST consists of three criteria: Underlying disease and reason for admission- Weight loss- Deterioration of eating behavior. A patient was defined as being at nutritional risk was defined if two criteria were met. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), feasibility, and reproducibility were analyzed. Results: 745 children (50.1% female; median age: 7.2 years) were assessed. The PNST detected nutritional risk in 50.7% (n378) and the SGA in 48,7% (n363) of the children. The PNST showed: Sensitivity 87.3% (95%CI: 83.8-90.9), specificity 84.0% (95%CI: 80.2-87.8), PPV 83.9% (95%CI: 80.0­87.7), and NPV 87.5% (95%CI: 83,9-91,0). In a reproducibility analysis with two independent evaluators (n42) kappa coefficients of 0.91 (0.74-1.0) and 0.78 (0.5-1.0) were obtained, respectively. Administration of the tool took a mean of 3.5 inutes (1-5 minutes). Conclusion: The PNST is a simple, reproducible, practical, and feasible tool to use for the identification of patients at nutritional risk (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Child, Hospitalized , Mass Screening/methods , Nutritional Status , Risk Assessment/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies
3.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 111, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1139485

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional situation of children under five years old from both urban and rural areas of Colombia. METHOD: Analytical study, based on cross-sectional data, collected from ENSIN-2015. The sample consisted of 12,256 children aged between 0 and 4 years old. We calculated the prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). PR were assessed by binomial regression models with malnutrition or overweight as the dependent variable and geographic area as the explanatory variable. We used context variables to adjust the estimated PR and control the confounder within. RESULTS: Acute malnutrition (weight-for-height) had a prevalence of 1.6%, while overweight had a 5.6% rate. No differences per geographic zone in the weight-for-height indicator were found. Stunted growth - chronic malnutrition - was higher in the rural area (PR = 1.2; 95%CI 1-1.53; p = 0.050). Prevalences adjusted by variables related to structural, social and economic developement showed that both the household chief's educational level and the food insecurity of the area account for malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The height-for-age indicator works better to establish development level. Measures against coverage, relevance and quality of education and access to food can harm the nutritional status of the children.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Analizar el estado de nutrición en menores de cinco años de áreas urbanas y rurales en Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, con base en datos de corte transversal, recolectados por la ENSIN-2015. La muestra fue de 12.256 niños colombianos entre cero y cuatro años. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) y sus respectivos intervalos al 95% de confianza (IC95%). Las RP se obtuvieron de modelos de regresión binomial con el déficit o el exceso, como la variable dependiente y la zona geográfica como la principal explicación. Variables del contexto se utilizaron para ajustar las RP estimadas y limpiar el efecto confusor de éstas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de desnutrición aguda (peso/talla) fue de 1,6%, la de exceso de 5,6%. No existieron diferencias por zona geográfica, en el indicador (peso/talla). El retraso talla/edad - desnutrición crónica - fue mayor en la zona rural (RP = 1,2; IC95% 1,00-1,53; p = 0,050). Las prevalencias ajustadas por variables que dan cuenta del desarrollo estructural, social y económico, mostraron que la escolaridad del jefe y la inseguridad alimentaria del hogar explican la desnutrición. CONCLUSIONES: El indicador talla/edad es el mejor para establecer el nivel de desarrollo. Medidas contra la cobertura, pertinencia, calidad en la educación y el acceso a los alimentos impactarán negativamente el estado de nutrición en los niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology
4.
Archiv. med. fam. gen. (En línea) ; 16(2): 11-18, nov 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: biblio-1343310

ABSTRACT

La evaluación nutricional tiende a promover la salud, sea reduciendo el riesgo o sea controlando los posibles efectos patológicos relacionados con una alimentación excesiva o insuficiente. Durante el mes de marzo de 2018, en el Hospital rural de Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, se llevó a cabo el control anual de salud en niños de 2 a 13 años. Para ello se utilizaron índices antropométricos que puedan relacionarse con estándares de normalidad según edad y sexo (peso/edad, talla/edad, peso/talla, índice de masa corporal) y se definieron los indicadores: desnutrición, bajo peso, acorde, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se examinaron 50 niños/as, residentes habituales, de 2 a 13 años de edad, con una distribución por sexo de 48% niñas y 52% niños. Se organizaron 3 grupos según edad, 2 a 6 años (28%), 6 a 11 años (54%) y 11 a 13 años (18%). Se obtuvo una prevalencia de desnutrición del 8%, 22% se encontraba acorde a su edad y sexo, sobrepeso 22%, y obesidad del 38%. Comparado con datos del Programa Nacional de Salud Escolar (PROSANE 2015), la prevalencia de obesidad en nuestro trabajo supera muy significativamente el valor provincial (17,9%) y nacional (21,4%). No pasa lo mismo con los demás indicadores (AU)


The nutritional evaluation tends to promote health, either by reducing the risk or by controlling the possible pathological effects related to excessive or insufficient feeding. During the month of March 2018, in the rural Hospital of Tomás Manuel de Anchorena, the annual health control was carried out on children aged 2 to 13. For this, anthropometric indices were used that can be related to normality standards according to age and sex (weight / age, height / age, weight / height, body mass index) and the indicators were defined: malnutrition, low weight, overweight and obesity. 50 children, habitual residents, from 2 to 13 years of age, with a gender distribution of 48% girls and 52% boys were examined. 3 groups were organized according to age, 2 to 6 years (28%), 6 to 11 years (54%) and 11 to 13 years (18%). There was a prevalence of malnutrition of 8%, 22% were according to their age and sex, overweight 22%, and obesity with 38%. Compared with data from the National School Health Program (PROSANE 2015), the prevalence of obesity in our work significantly exceeds the provincial (17.9%) and national (21.4%) values. The same does not happen with the other indicators (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Overweight/diagnosis , Obesity/diagnosis , Anthropometry , Failure to Thrive
5.
Rev. salud pública ; 21(2): 224-231, ene.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094394

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina). Materials and Methods Serial fecal samples and anal swabs of 114 schoolchildren, canine feces and soil samples were analyzed. Body weight and height of 215 schoolchildren were measured and undernutrition was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Socio-environmental variables were assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Results 78.1% of children were infected by at least one of the 12 species identified and 70.8% had multiple parasitic infections. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent. Additionally, 17.5% of children were infected by at least one geohelminth (e.g. Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms). 64.3% of canine of canine feces were positive and six parasitic species were found; the most frequent were Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and G. lamblia. Furthermore, 37.5% of soil samples showed zoonotic parasites (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finally, 10.0% of the children were undernourished and 85.7% of them had parasites. The risk for parasitosis was higher in children that lived in houses with inadequate solid waste disposal and whose parents were unemployed or had temporary jobs. Conclusions The lack of environmental sanitation, unstable employment of parents and the presence of zoonotic species were the most relevant factors observed. Consequently, these conditions result in an increase of parasitic infections and negatively influence the growth of children.(AU)


RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la parasitosis intestinal, la desnutrición y los factores socio-ambientales en escolares de Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina). Materiales y Métodos Se analizaron muestras fecales y escobillados anales seriados de 114 escolares, heces caninas y muestras de suelo. Se midió el peso corporal y la talla de 215 escolares y se evaluó la desnutrición según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Las variables socio-ambientales se evaluaron mediante una encuesta semiestructurada. Resultados El 78,1% de los niños estuvieron parasitados por al menos 1 de las 12 especies identificadas y el 70,8% presentó parasitosis múltiples. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia y Enterobius vermicularis fueron las más prevalentes. Además, el 17,5% de los niños estaban infectados con al menos un geohelminto (e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, ancylostomideos). El 64,3% de las heces caninas resultaron positivas y se encontraron seis especies parasitarias; las más frecuentes fueron Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala y G. lamblia. Además, el 37,5% de las muestras de suelo mostraron parásitos zoonóticos (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finalmente, el 10% de los niños estaban desnutridos y el 85,7% de ellos resultaron parasitados. El riesgo de parasitosis fue mayor en los niños que vivían en casas con eliminación inadecuada de desechos sólidos y cuyos padres estaban desempleados o tenían empleos temporales. Conclusiones La falta de saneamiento ambiental, el empleo inestable de los padres y la presencia de especies zoo-nóticas fueron los factores observados más relevantes. En consecuencia, estas condiciones resultan en un aumento de las infecciones parasitarias e influyen negativamente en el crecimiento de los niños.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Environment , Socioeconomic Factors , Feces/chemistry
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(5): 667-670, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973670

ABSTRACT

El síndrome diencefálico es una causa infrecuente de desnutrición. Se produce por la disfunción del hipotálamo y está asociado a tumores del encéfalo. Los pacientes presentan una grave y progresiva pérdida de peso, aunque el apetito y la ingesta calórica son, por lo general, adecuados. Característicamente, los síntomas neurológicos son tardíos, lo que retrasa la sospecha diagnóstica. Se presenta a un paciente de 2 años y 6 meses de edad con desnutrición crónica grado II, derivado con diagnóstico presuntivo de enfermedad celíaca con mala adherencia y fracaso del tratamiento. Durante la internación, se arribó al diagnóstico de síndrome diencefálico secundario a un astrocitoma pilocítico grado I.


Diencephalic syndrome is an infrequent cause of malnutrition. It is produced by a malfunctioning hypothalamus, and it is related to encephalic tumors. Patients present a serious and progressive weight loss although the appetite and calorie intake are, usually, adequate. Neurological symptoms typically have a late appearance, delaying diagnostic suspicion. We present a patient aged 2 years and a half with grade II chronic malnutrition, referred with presumptive diagnosis of celiac disease, with poor adherence and treatment failure. During hospitalization, diagnosis of diencephalic syndrome secondary to grade I pilocytic astrocytoma was reached.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Hypothalamic Diseases/diagnosis , Astrocytoma/complications , Chronic Disease , Hypothalamic Diseases/etiology
7.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 41(1): 67-70, jun. 2018. ilus, graf, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-953626

ABSTRACT

La papilomatosis laríngea es una enfermedad de etiología viral que puede ser transmitida en el canal de parto o por la sangre materna. Un niño de 2 años con grado III de Obstrucción Laríngea fue programado para diagnóstico por fibrolaringóscopia. Discutimos el manejo perioperatorio del caso con las diversas estrategias de ventilación. Se sugiere mantener la ventilación espontánea hasta la intubación ya que la ventilación de la máscara facial o laríngea podría ser difícil y la intubación impide el paso del fibrolaringoscopio y la valoración completa de la larínge.


Laryngeal papillomatosis is a viral etiology desease that can be transmitted at birth through vaginal way or maternal blood. A 2-year-old boy with Laryngeal Obstruction III grade was scheduled for fibrolaryngoscopy diagnosis. We discuss the perioperative management of the case with the various ventilation strategies. It is suggested to maintain spontaneous ventilation until intubation, since ventilation with facial or laryngeal mask could be difficult and intubation prevent the passage of the fibrolaryngoscope for a complete laryngeal evaluation.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child , Laryngoscopy
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 54(3): 201-205, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888197

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Due to several factors, such as gastrointestinal's diseases and difficulty in feeding, children with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy tend to present nutritional deficits. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of pediatric patients with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy according to reference curves for this population and with the measures of folds and circumferences, obtained by the upper arm circumference and triceps skin fold. METHODS: The data were obtained from: knee-height, estimated height, weight, upper arm circumference, and triceps skin fold. Values of folds and circumferences were compared with Frisancho, and specific curves for these patients were used as reference. The relationship between the values in the growth curve for healthy children, Z-Score, and comparison with the reference curve were verified by Fisher's exact test. We adopted the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: We evaluated 54 patients. The mean age was 10.2 years, and 34 were male, 25 fed by gastrostomy and 29, orally. The frequency of low weight by the reference curve was 22.22%. More than half of the patients presented the parameters indicating lean mass below the 5th percentile. The height of all patients was classified as adequate for the age by the reference curve. CONCLUSION: Low weight was found in 22% of patients, and there is a greater tendency to present reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass, showing the need for evaluation and appropriate interventions for patients with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: Devido a diversos fatores, como doenças do trato gastrointestinal e dificuldade de alimentação, frequentemente crianças com Paralisia Cerebral Tetraespástica apresentam prejuízo no estado nutricional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de pacientes pediátricos com Paralisia Cerebral Tetraespástica de acordo com curvas de referência para essa população e comparar com as curvas de referência utilizadas para a população pediátrica em geral. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos os dados de: altura do joelho, estatura estimada, peso, circunferência braquial e dobra cutânea triciptal. Valores de dobras e circunferências foram comparados com Frisancho e curvas específicas para esses pacientes foram utilizadas como referência. A relação entre os valores plotados na curva de crescimento para crianças saudáveis, Escore-Z e comparação com a curva referencial foram verificados através do teste exato de Fisher. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 10,2 anos, 34 eram do sexo masculino. Vinte cinco se alimentavam via gastrostomia e 29 via oral. A frequência de baixo peso pela curva referencial foi de 22,22%. Mais da metade dos pacientes apresentaram os parâmetros indicativos de massa magra abaixo do percentil 5. A estatura de todos os pacientes foi classificada como adequada para idade pela curva referencial. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo peso foi encontrado em 22% dos pacientes, e há maior tendência para que esses pacientes apresentem massa muscular reduzida e aumento da massa gorda, mostrando a necessidade de avaliação e intervenções apropriadas para pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral Tetraespástica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Quadriplegia/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Nutritional Status , Quadriplegia/physiopathology , Reference Values , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Nutrition Assessment , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology
9.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(supl.1): 803-812, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1128745

ABSTRACT

La desnutrición ha cobrado la vida de un importante número de niños y niñas de la etnia wayuu que habitan en el departamento de La Guajira en Colombia. Esa situación existe y persiste sin que los decisores o la sociedad civil tomen acciones que reviertan el problema, mostrando total indiferencia y falta de solidaridad. En el país en general y en La Guajira en particular, es evidente la vulneración de los derechos de los niños y las niñas, como sujetos que se construyen en el presente y cuyo futuro no puede ser preparado sin su participación, el apoyo de sus familias, sus comunidades y las organizaciones civiles e instituciones del Estado. Es importante la solidaridad de la sociedad, puesto que los indígenas requieren respuestas, teniendo en cuenta las consideraciones éticas para su atención. Quienes solicitan se hagan efectivos los derechos que tanto se proclaman por distintos medios y que se han convertido sólo en sueños, puesto que la realidad es otra (AU).


Malnutrition has claimed the lives of a great quantity of children of the Wayuu ethnicity, who live in La Guajira department, in Colombia. This situation has existed for a long time without the action of the decision makers or the social society to solve the problem, showing total indifference and lack of solidarity. In the country in general and particularly in La Guajira, it is evident the violation of the rights of the children as subjects that are in the formation process at that moment of their lives, and whose future could not be granted without their participation and the support of their families, their communities, the civilian organizations and the State institutions. It is important the society's solidarity, because native people require answers and attention, taking into account ethical consideration. There are many people asking for making effective the rights that are so widely proclaimed by different means and have become just dreams, because they are another thing in real life (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Ethical Analysis/methods , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/ethnology , Child Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence , Child Advocacy/standards , Child Advocacy/ethics , Human Rights Abuses/ethnology , Human Rights Abuses/prevention & control , eHealth Strategies , Civil Society
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(3): 307-314, maio-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679312

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a avaliação nutricional de crianças com paralisia cerebral, verificando a concordância de curvas de crescimento específicas para paralisia cerebral com curvas gerais, além de avaliar a presença das manifestações digestórias associadas a agravos nutricionais. MÉTODOS: Corte transversal de 187 indivíduos com paralisia cerebral, avaliando-se dados antopométricos em curvas habitualmente utilizadas em pediatria e em curvas específicas para paralisia cerebral, além da descrição da presença de disfagia, constipação intestinal e infecções respiratórias de repetição. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos, 58% eram masculinos; média de idade de 5,6 anos ± 3,5 anos. Dados antopométricos de peso abaixo do percentil 10 ocorreu em 10% da amostra, considerando a escala para paralisia cerebral, contra 51% na referência do Center of Disease Control (p < 0,01; Kappa 0,19). A maioria dos indivíduos comprometidos com disfagia, infecções respiratórias de repetição e constipação intestinal encontrava-se abaixo do percentil 50, com porcentagens respectivas de 67%, 75% e 72%. CONCLUSÃO: As referências habitualmente utilizadas em pediatria tendem a superestimar a desnutrição em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral, e sua concordância com referências específicas para paralisia cerebral é baixa. As manifestações digestórias foram encontradas principalmente naqueles indivíduos cujas medidas antropométricas encontram-se abaixo do percentil 50.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional assessment of children with cerebral palsy, verifying the correlation of growth curves specific for cerebral palsy with general curves, in addition to assessing the presence of digestive manifestations associated with nutritional problems. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 187 individuals with cerebral palsy, evaluating anthropometric data in curves commonly used in pediatrics and specific curves for cerebral palsy, in addition to the description of presence of dysphagia, constipation, and respiratory infections. RESULTS: 58% of patients were males, with a mean age of 5.6±3.5 years. Anthropometric data of weight below the 10th percentile occurred in 10% of the sample considering the cerebral palsy scale, versus 51% when considering the reference from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (p < 0.01; Kappa 0.19). The weight of most individuals with dysphagia, recurrent respiratory infections, and constipation was below the 50th percentile, with respective percentages of 67%, 75%, and 72%. CONCLUSION: The references commonly used in pediatrics tend to overestimate malnutrition in individuals with cerebral palsy, and their correlation with specific references for cerebral palsy is low. Digestive manifestations were mainly found in those individuals whose anthropometric measurements were below the 50th percentile.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anthropometry/methods , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Growth , Nutrition Assessment , Cross-Sectional Studies , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Constipation/complications , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(9): 2543-2551, set. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649916

ABSTRACT

La medicalización de la vida y sus implicancias en cuanto a la producción de subjetividades han sido fenómenos destacados por las ciencias humanas en el estudio de la salud y la enfermedad. Sin embargo, el análisis de sus expresiones locales permanece insuficientemente tratado. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito avanzar en esta dirección mediante el estudio etnográfico del proceso de medicalización de la desnutrición infantil en un centro sanitario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Abordaremos las singularidades involucradas en la percepción valorativa del cuerpo y su contexto alimentario por parte de los profesionales de la salud y los destinatarios de sus acciones terapéuticas. Destacamos que los criterios de percepción y los valores morales que animan las posiciones sociales de los profesionales del sector salud y los destinatarios de sus acciones imposibilitaron la institucionalización de la visión médica. Concluimos que el proceso analizado subraya la necesidad de exceder los enfoques que abordan la medicalización exclusivamente desde el ángulo de la imposición. La historia social de los grupos involucrados y los modos de relacionamiento que establecen en escenarios locales constituyen elementos esenciales para comprender las singularidades de estos procesos.


The medicalization of life and its implications for the production of subjectivities are phenomena that have been highlighted by the human sciences in the study of health and disease. Nevertheless, the analysis of its local expressions has been insufficiently covered. The scope of this paper is to explore this field by an ethnographical study of the medicalization process of child malnutrition in a primary healthcare center of the city of Buenos Aires. We will describe analytically the singularities involved in the body perception and the alimentary context by health professionals and their patients. We emphasize that the criteria of perception and moral values that encourage social positions of health professionals and recipients of their actions precluded the institutionalization of a medical vision. We conclude that the process analyzed highlights the need to exceed the medicalization approaches dealing exclusively from the angle of imposition. The social history of the groups involved and ways of establishing relationships in local settings, are essential to understand the peculiarities of these processes.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Child Nutrition Disorders , Medicalization , Primary Health Care , Argentina , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Urban Health
12.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 12(3): 297-305, ago.-set. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: lil-650695

ABSTRACT

Avaliar antropometricamente os pacientes com suspeita de erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM) e descrever a prevalência de distúrbios nutricionais (desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade). MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 55 pacientes de 0 a 10 anos, de acordo com os índices antropométricos (A/I, P/I E P/A e IMC/I), no laboratório de erros inatos do metabolismo (LEIM) da Universidade Federal do Pará, através de balança e antropômetro. Os dados foram coletados a partir da ficha de atendimento do LEIM. Para o diagnóstico nutricional foram utilizados os programas Anthro e Anthro Plus e o programa SPSS para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: os pacientes atendidos pertenciam, na maioria, a faixa etária de sete meses a nove anos. Os principais sintomas foram atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e infecções frequentes. Quanto ao estado nutricional, foi observado déficit de 23,7 por cento no indicador de peso para idade, déficit de 50,9 por cento no indicador de altura para idade, excesso de peso e obesidade de 15,4 por cento para peso para altura, e 25,1 por cento para índice de massa corporal para idade. CONCLUSÕES: os pacientes apresentaram estado nutricional inadequados, o qual na ausência de diagnóstico de EIM, os fatores envolvidos devem ser mais bem averiguados...


To provide an anthropometric evaluation of patients suspected of having innate errors of metabolism (IEMs) and report the prevalence of nutritional disorders (malnutrition, overweight and obesity). METHODS: fifty-five patients aged between 0 and 10 years were evaluated for anthropometric indices (H/A, W/A and W/H and BMI/A), in the innate errors of metabolism laboratory (LEIM) of the Federal University of Pará, using scales and an anthropometer. The data were collected using an LEIM form. Nutritional diagnosis was carried out using the Anthro and Anthro Plus programs and the SPSS statistics package. RESULTS: the patients attended were mostly aged between seven months and nine years. The main symptoms were delayed neuropsychomotor development and frequent infections. As for the nutritional status, a deficit of 23.7 percent was observed in weight for age, a deficit of 50.9 percent in height for age, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.4 percent according to weight for height, and 25,1 percent according to body mass index for age. CONCLUSIONS: the nutritional status of the patients was inadequate and, given the absence of a diagnosis of IEMs, the factors involved should be investigated more thoroughly...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anthropometry , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Obesity , Overweight/diagnosis
13.
Kasmera ; 40(2): 135-145, jul. 2012. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-698167

ABSTRACT

Para comparar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos en niños con desnutrición severa de la Unidad de Recuperación Nutricional del Hospital Chiquinquirá de Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, con niños eutróficos que asisten a la consulta de niños sanos del mismo hospital; se realizó un examen coproparasitológico a 50 niños desnutridos graves y 50 niños eutróficos, mediante examen directo; técnica de concentración (Ritchie) y coloración de Ziehl Neelsen. Entre los protozoarios, Cryptosporidium sp. ocupó el primer lugar con un 14% en el grupo de los desnutridos graves y Giardia lamblia en los eutróficos con un 20%. De los helmintos identificados, Trichuruis trichiura prevaleció con 12% en los desnutridos, mientras Ascaris lumbricoides en los eutróficos ocupó el primer lugar con un 8%. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la prevalencia de parásitos en general con la edad, el sexo o la desnutrición, ni entre poliparasitismo versus monoparasitismo. La medida en que se relacionan la desnutrición y las parasitosis intestinales es difícil de esclarecer, al ser la desnutrición una condición multifactorial ya que depende de la especie parasitaria presente, la intensidad de la parasitosis, las características inmunológicas y genéticas del hospedero, del medio socioeconómico en el que se desenvuelva el individuo, entre otros factores.


To compare the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children with severe malnutrition in the Nutritional Recovery Unit at the Chiquinquirá Hospital of Maracaibo, State of Zulia, with eutrophic children attending consult for healthy children at the same hospital, stool examinations were performed for 50 seriously malnourished children and 50 eutrophic children by direct examination, using the concentration technique (Ritchie) and Ziehl Neelsen. Among the protozoa, Cryptosporidium sp. ranked first, with 14% in the group of severely malnourished and Giardia lamblia in 20% of the eutrophic children. Of the identified helminths, Trichuris trichiura prevailed, with 12% in the malnourished group, while Ascaris lumbricoides took first place with 8% in the eutrophic group. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of parasites in general with age, sex or malnutrition, or between polyparasitism versus monoparasitism. The extent to which malnutrition and intestinal parasites relate is difficult to clarify, since malnutrition is a multifactorial condition that depends on the parasite species present, intensity of the parasitosis, immunologic and genetic characteristics of the host, the socio economic environment in which the individual develops and other factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Protozoan Infections/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/parasitology
14.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 58(2): 231-239, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647228

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As neoplasias malignas merecem atenção especial, principalmente na infância, pois podem afetar o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças; além disso, existe um elevado risco dessas crianças apresentarem desnutrição, devido a vários fatores, como: os efeitos colaterais da terapia antineoplásica, a alteração psicossocial (depressão, ansiedade e medo), a insuficiente ingestão calórica e proteica. Objetivo: Identificar o estado nutricional de 42 crianças de zero a 12 anos de idade, o tipo de dieta prescrita, o uso de suplementos, os sintomas gastrointestinais e o tratamento antineoplásico quimioterápico e/ou radioterático. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, a partir de dados contidos nos prontuários de pacientes com diagnósticos de leucemia. O estado nutricional foi classificado segundo o IMC/idade em escore Z. Os dados quanto aos sintomas gastrointestinais, dieta e tipo de terapia também foram coletados dos prontuários. Resultados: Verificou-se uma prevalência da doença no gênero feminino (57,1 por cento)e na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos (35,7 por cento), em que 52,4 por cento apresentaram desnutrição. 47,8 por cento das dietas foram geral, os sintomas gastrointetinais predominantes foram vômitos em 71,4 por cento, seguido de estomatite (47,65), diarreia (45,2 por cento), náusea (42,9 por cento), herpes bucal (14,3 por cento) e constipação intetinal (9,5 por cento). O tratamento dominante foi a quimioterapia em 95,2 por cento dos casos. Conclusão: Essas crianças com leucemia apresentaram elevado índice de desnutrição e complicações gastrointestinais, necessitando manter um acompanhamento multidisciplinar para seus cuidados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Leukemia/diagnosis , Malnutrition , Nutritional Status , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies
15.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 18(8): 760-762, mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656568

ABSTRACT

Se reconoce un origen multicausal y acumulativo de diversos factores de riesgo en la aparición de un trastorno alimentario. En el presente análisis, se apoya la idea de continuar con esfuerzos de prevención universal en pacientes prepúberes.


Subject(s)
Feeding and Eating Disorders/complications , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control
16.
Pediatr. mod ; 48(3)mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663143

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a influência de fatores de risco nutricionais e sociofamiliares sobre o desenvolvimento motor no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, com 208 crianças de seis meses de idade. Os dados foram coletados a partir de março de 2005. Utilizaram-se, como instrumentos de medida, um questionário socioeconômico, o Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e a escala Bayley de desenvolvimento infantil. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e múltiplas, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que o desenvolvimento motor é afetado pela desnutrição infantil, segundo o indicador altura/idade (RP=2,47), sendo este resultado significativo. A desnutrição crônica elevou o risco de desenvolvimento motor inadequado, mesmo considerando outros fatores de risco. Na análise bivariada se observou que crianças desnutridas tiveram um risco quase duas vezes maior (1,98; IC 1,25-3,15) de apresentar desenvolvimento motor inadequado, conforme o indicador peso por idade. Com relação ao indicador altura por idade, o risco de atraso aumentou para 2,07 (IC 1,38-3,09). No modelo multivariado, a variável que permaneceu significativa foi desnutrição, segundo altura por idade, em que crianças desnutridas apresentavam um risco 2,47 (IC 1,50-4,06) maior de inadequação do desenvolvimento motor, em comparação com seus pares eutróficos. Conclusões: Confirma-se a importância de uma nutrição adequada para o desenvolvimento infantil. Entretanto, a identificação precoce de problemas de desenvolvimento é complexa e dependente de fatores econômicos, biológicos e psicossociais. Devido à grande maleabilidade do desenvolvimento infantil, é necessário que a avaliação seja repetida, principalmente durante os primeiros anos de vida, quando o impacto dos atrasos é mais importante. Justifica-se a condução de novos estudos para compreender melhor as relações entre os fatores estudados e o desenvolvimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Adult , Psychomotor Performance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mental Health , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis
17.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 14(2): 59-61, ene.15, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648029

ABSTRACT

Son cuatro los nutrientes en que su deficiencia es importante en niños: hierro, yodo, vitamina A y zinc. Más o menos se calcula que hay 2 billones de personas en el mundo con algún grado de déficit de zinc. Los pacientes que están en riesgo de presentar deficiencias de zinc son los recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacimiento, bien sea prematuros, desnutridos in útero o hijos de madres desnutridas, en los cuales sus depósitos están reducidos. A diferencia de otros oligoelementos o micronutrientes, determinar el estado de déficit no es fácil. Los niveles séricos de zinc, están influenciados por factores no dietarios como infección, estrés o actividad física extenuante; al igual que por el ciclo circadiano.


Four nutrient deficiency that is important in children, iron, iodine, vitamin A and zinc. More or less it is estimated that 2 billion people in the world with some degree of zinc deficiency. Patients who are at risk for zinc deficiency are infants with low birth weight, either premature or malnourished in utero, undernourished mothers, in which their deposits are reduced. Unlike other trace elements or micronutrients, determine the deficit is not easy. Serum levels of zinc are not influenced by dietary factors such as infection, stress or strenuous physical activity, as well as by the circadian cycle.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/classification , Zinc , Zinc/deficiency , Zinc/adverse effects , Zinc/pharmacology , Zinc/physiology , Zinc/metabolism , Zinc/supply & distribution , Zinc , Iron/administration & dosage , Iron/classification , Iron/pharmacology , Iron/supply & distribution , Iron , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Child Nutrition Disorders/psychology , Child Nutrition Disorders/rehabilitation
18.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 14(1): 20-23, ene.15, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645114

ABSTRACT

Durante el tratamiento del niño con cáncer las dificultades que se presentan en la alimentación son variadas. El cáncer en niños, puede acompañarse de desnutrición que puede ser asociada a la naturaleza de la enfermedad y/o como consecuencia de su tratamiento. Dentro de los objetivos en la manipulación de los alimentos se incluye varios aspectos como son los de evitar la contaminación y el control en el consumo. Se deben hacer algunas recomendaciones en cuanto a la compra, almacenamiento, preparación y consumo de los alimentos.


During the treatment of children with cáncer are varied difficulties that arise in their diet. Cancer in children, is a group of diseases that are different from one another, may be associated with manlnutrition associated with the nature of the disease and/or following treatment. The targets in the food handling of children with cáncer include avoiding food contamination and control its management. It should make recommendations regarding the purchase, storage, preparation and consumption of food.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Food Storage/classification , Diet , Neoplasms/classification , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Food Handling/ethics , Food Handling/instrumentation , Food Handling/methods , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathology
19.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 14(1): 37-38, ene.15, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645119

ABSTRACT

Durante el tratamiento del niño con cáncer, es posible requerir el uso de corticoides, los cuales como efecto adverso tienen el aumento en el apetito, que unido al sedentarismo de estos niños, incrementan de peso y pueden concurrir en sobrepeso y obesidad, malnutrición que es tan dañina como la desnutrición. Es necesario un control y seguimiento estricto por parte del pediatra y nutricionista infantil en estos niños con malnutrición.


During the treatment of children with cancer, may require the use of corticosteroids, which have the adverse effect of increased appetite, which together with the inactivity of theses children, increased weight and may attend overweight and obesity, malnutrition that is as harmful as malnutrition. It is necessary to control and closely monitored by the pediatrician and infant nutritionist in these children with malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/classification , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Obesity/classification , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/drug therapy , Obesity/rehabilitation , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/pathology , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Child Nutrition Disorders/drug therapy
20.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(2): 77-79, mayo-ago. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645096

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar por medio de antropometría, a los niños que asisten a la Consulta Externa del Hospital Universitario del Valle “Evaristo García” (HUV) de Cali, Colombia por medio de los patrones de crecimiento infantil de la OMS entre el 1 de julio y el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional no experimental (N=214 niños), edad (E) entre los 0 meses y 17 años, que asistieron al HUV. Se dividieron en 3 grupos: 0 meses a 2 años; >2 años a 4 años y 11 meses, y 5 a 18 años. Se le realizó una historia clínica completa, peso (P), talla (T) y perímetro cefálico (PC) y diagnóstico de primera vez según sistema comprometido. Se aplicó el software Nutritional Statistical System (NSS)®, el cual utiliza como guía de referencia los patrones de crecimiento infantil de la OMS, teniendo como indicadores antropométricos para cada grupo de edad el P/E, el P/T, la T/E, el Índice de masa corporal (IMC), y el PC/E y PC/T. Se realizó su análisis estadístico como porcentajes, promedios, moda, me d i a , me diana y desviación estándar. Conclusiones: Todos los indicadores antropométricos utilizados estuvieron afectados con algún tipo de déficit nutricional, siendo el IMC el menos afectado con un 24,5% y el más afectado es el P/E con un 58,1%. En cuanto a los excesos nutricionales, se encontró que el sobrepeso y la obesidad presentan porcentajes de 17,3% y 3,1% respectivamente. Según los diagnósticos de primera vez, la anomalía con mayor porcentaje de tipo respiratorio con el 18,2%. El indicador PC se utilizó para correlacionarlo con la E, pero es aconsejable utilizarlo igualmente para la talla, lo que podría dar un mejor criterio de diagnóstico.


Objective: To assess through anthropometry, children attending the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitario del Valle "Evaristo Garcia" (HUV) Cali, Colombia through the Child Growth Standards WHO between July 1 and on December 31, 2010. Materials and Methods: Descriptive observational nonexperimental (N = 214 children), aged (A) 0 months to 17 years, who attended the HUV. They were divided into 3 groups: 0 months to 2 years; > 2 years to 4 years and 11 months, and 5 to 18 years. They underwent a complete medical history, weight (W), height (H) and head circumference (HC) and the first time as diagnosis of compromised system. Nutritional software was applied, which uses as a reference guide to childhood growth patterns by WHO, with the anthropometric indicators for each age group the W/A, W/H, H/A, BMI, and HC/A and HC/H. Statistical analysis was performed as percentages, averages, mode, mean, median and standard deviation. Conclusions: All anthropometric indicators used were affected with some type of nutritional deficiency, with a BMI less affected with 24.5% and the most affected is the W/A 58.1%. In terms of nutritional excesses, it was found that overweight and obesity have percentages of 17.3% and 3.1% respectively. According to the first diagnosis of the anomaly with the greatest percentage of respiratory type with 18.2%. The indicator HC was used to correlate with A, but it is advisable to use also for H, which could give a better diagnostic criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anthropometry/methods , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/classification , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnosis , Growth and Development , Body Mass Index , Obesity/classification , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology , Referral and Consultation , Overweight/classification , Overweight/diagnosis , Overweight/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
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